CREATE PROC dbo.usp_primes
  @counter BIGINT   = 14,      -- where to start (don't need anything less, see below)
  @maxrows BIGINT   = 10000000 -- takes about 20 minutes for 10,000,000
AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @st DATETIME = getdate();

  --==== 1. Create and populate a prime numbers table
  IF OBJECT_ID('idx.fnPrimes') IS NOT NULL DROP FUNCTION idx.fnPrimes;

  IF OBJECT_ID('idx.prime') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE idx.prime;
  CREATE TABLE idx.prime
  (
    N     BIGINT NOT NULL,
    PRIME BIT    NOT NULL,
    TOTAL INT    NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     CONSTRAINT pk_cl__idx_prime_N PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED(N)
  ); --==== NOTE: I use a schema called idx for my "indexed functions", not required.

  --==== 2. Create the nonclustered index
  CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX uq_poc__idx_prime__N ON idx.Prime(N) INCLUDE(PRIME);
  INSERT idx.prime (N,PRIME)
  VALUES (1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,0),(5,1),(6,0),(7,1),	
                        (8,0),(9,0),(10,0),(11,1),(12,0),(13,1);

  --==== 3. Insert primes
  PRINT CONCAT(CHAR(10),'Inserting primes(',@maxrows,'rows)',CHAR(10),REPLICATE('-',90));
  
  WHILE @counter <= @maxrows
  BEGIN
    IF 0 NOT IN (@counter%2,@counter%3,@counter%5,@counter%7,@counter%11,@counter%13)
    AND NOT EXISTS
    (
      SELECT N
      FROM   idx.prime AS p
      WHERE  p.N >= @counter
      AND    @counter % p.N = 0 
    )
    INSERT idx.prime(N,PRIME) VALUES(@counter,1)
    ELSE
    INSERT idx.prime(N,PRIME) VALUES(@counter,0);
  
    SET @counter+=1
  END;
  PRINT CONCAT('All Done: ',DATEDIFF(SECOND,@st,GETDATE()),' seconds');
END;
GO